Community corrections agencies today are tasked with supervising growing caseloads, often within the constraints of limited budgets and significant administrative demands. Electronic monitoring (EM) has become an essential tool for supporting supervision in the community. As EM technology advances, particularly with the integration of smartphone-based solutions, agencies encounter both new opportunities and new challenges.
In fact, technology in this field does not always need to be complex to be effective. In many cases, the most impactful solutions are those that are straightforward, intuitive, and designed with the needs of both agencies and individuals in mind. When technology is simple to use and reliable, it enhances supervision and compliance.
Research consistently shows that electronic monitoring can be a valuable asset, but only if it is implemented in ways that support broader supervision goals. Additional features have their place when they serve a clear purpose, but agencies should first ensure that any tool is dependable, protects privacy, and fits seamlessly into existing case management processes.
Key Research Informing Electronic Monitoring Best Practices
Recent studies provide valuable insights for agencies seeking to improve outcomes and efficiency through electronic monitoring:
Beyens (2017): EM as a Supportive Tool, Not Substitute
Beyens’ examination of electronic monitoring programs across several European countries demonstrates that effective monitoring involves more than just surveillance. Positive outcomes are most likely when EM is combined with substantive support, such as assistance with job placement, access to services, and guidance to foster long-term success.
Overemphasis on control, rather than connection, reduces the effectiveness of electronic monitoring. Success depends on integrating technology with direct, supportive supervision; excessive reliance on technology risks undermining the personal engagement necessary for meaningful change (European Journal of Probation).
Owens et al. (2022): Addressing Privacy and Reliability in EM Applications
Owens and colleagues evaluated 16 commonly used smartphone-based EM applications in the United States, highlighting several potential benefits. Smartphone-based EM offers a less restrictive option, enabling individuals to participate more fully in work, family, and community life. The widespread adoption of smartphones also makes these solutions highly accessible and scalable, and the integration of supportive features such as check-in reminders and direct communication with supervising officers can help promote compliance and engagement.
At the same time, the study cautions that some applications collect more personal data than necessary and suffer from reliability issues. Usability problems can undermine the intended benefits, while incomplete or unclear privacy policies raise concerns about data protection. Owens et al. argue that to maximize the advantages of smartphone-based EM, agencies must prioritize both privacy and technical reliability when selecting and implementing these tools (USENIX Security).
Science Direct (2023): EM’s Impact on Recidivism and Reintegration
This 2023 study found that electronic monitoring not only lowers criminal recidivism but also increases labor supply and improves educational attainment among supervised individuals. This suggests that effective EM programs can play a significant role in supporting successful reintegration by encouraging stable employment and reducing reoffending. The findings reinforce that electronic monitoring’s benefits extend beyond surveillance, positively influencing broader social outcomes when combined with supportive supervision (Science Direct study).
Principles for Selecting Effective Electronic Monitoring Solutions
While electronic monitoring is not a standalone solution, it has consistently demonstrated its value as a reliable component of community supervision when:
- The technology is accessible and easy to use for all stakeholders
- Systems provide reliable data
- Privacy is protected and clearly communicated to all users
- The technology enables officers to focus on meaningful engagement and support, rather than merely surveillance
BI Incorporated: A Reliable Partner for Community Corrections
With more than four decades of experience partnering with agencies across the United States, BI Incorporated is recognized for providing flexible and responsive solutions tailored to the needs and realities of community corrections. The technology is built on a foundation of usability, reliability, and respect for client dignity, supporting a diverse array of supervision models.
Our commitment extends beyond technology, offering comprehensive training, onboarding, and ongoing support to ensure agencies can fully realize the benefits of electronic monitoring.
Comprehensive Support and Industry-leading Security
Security and privacy remain paramount. BI platforms adhere to rigorous standards, including SOC 2 Type II compliance and operation on FedRAMP-authorized cloud infrastructure, ensuring that sensitive information is protected according to federal requirements.
For agencies considering the implementation or enhancement of electronic monitoring programs, it is essential to partner with a provider that understands both the technological and operational realities of community corrections. BI Incorporated offers solutions that are flexible, secure, and grounded in real-world expertise with a focus on adaptability and effectiveness.